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China reports 522,000 new COVID-19 cases, one death in July amid fluctuating upward trend_我的网站

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A | 【文/观察者网山猫】美国东部时间7月21日下午5时15分，太空探索公司（SpaceX）猎鹰9号Block5型火箭在位于佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角太空部队基地40号工位发射升空，将诺斯罗普·格鲁曼旗下“太空物流”（Space Logistics）公司的一颗“任务机器人飞行器”（Mission Robotic Vehicle，MRV）与三个“任务扩展舱”（Mission Extension Pods，MEP）送入地球同步转移轨道。

Photo： VCG
China reported 522,000 newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in July, including 487 severe cases and one related death with cases showing a fluctuating upward trend, China's national disease control authority said.
The current uptick in infections represents another regular cyclical wave, with its severity comparable to surges seen in the past two years. The upward growth curve has slowed markedly, and the country is now on the plateau phase of this epidemic peak, said the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) on Thursday.
All tested infection samples were confirmed to be the Omicron variant, with the NB.1.8.1 strain and its sublineages accounting for the majority of circulating cases, the Chinese CDC said.
A Beijing-based respiratory disease specialist told the Global Times that waning population immunity, continued virus mutations that weaken existing antibody protection, and increased summer travel have contributed to the recent modest rise in infections. However, there is no evidence that the virus has become more pathogenic. Nationwide infections appear to be nearing their peak and case numbers may begin falling in late August.
A screenshot from Chinese CDC report on new COVID-19 cases in July nationwide

A screenshot from Chinese CDC report on new COVID-19 cases in July nationwide
According to sentinel hospital surveillance data, from June 29-July 5 to July 27-August 2, the proportion of influenza-like illness among all outpatient and emergency visits at China's 1,041 COVID-19 and influenza sentinel hospitals edged up with slight fluctuations, standing at 4.3 percent, 4.4 percent, 4.5 percent, 4.4 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively.
During the same period, the COVID-19 positivity rate among patients with influenza-like illness in outpatient and emergency departments rose for consecutive weeks.
Several factors drove the fluctuating rise in COVID-19 cases in July. Population immunity has waned, as more than six months have passed since the last major wave of infections for most people, while continued SARS-CoV-2 mutations have reduced the protection provided by existing antibodies, Li Tongzeng, a respiratory disease medic from Beijing You An Hospital to the Capital Medical University, told the Global Times on Friday.
These factors, combined with increased travel and population mobility during the summer vacation, contributed to the recent small-scale surge. Based on patterns observed in recent years, COVID-19 infections tend to rise every six to eight months as population immunity declines, said Li.
The expert noted that while the virus continues to mutate, there is no evidence that it has become more pathogenic. Clinical data show that most patients develop only mild symptoms, with very few progressing to pneumonia or requiring hospitalization.
The Chinese CDC noted on Thursday that since COVID-19 was reclassified as a Category B infectious disease under Category B management, it has evolved into a prevalent, recurring respiratory infectious disease in China, with one to two epidemic fluctuations occurring nationwide each year.
Li also noted that residual immunity from previous infections also helps reduce disease severity, with most reinfections presenting as mild upper respiratory symptoms that resolve within about a week. The single COVID-related death reported nationwide in July further indicates that the current fatality rate remains very low.
Judging from historical epidemic patterns and current case growth trajectories, national infection figures may begin to decline in late August. Nationwide case numbers are now nearly at their peak, with declines already observed in some regions, said Li.
The Chinese CDC also said on Thursday that surveillance had not detected any variants posing major public health risks, nor had the current wave caused notable disruptions to the healthcare system.
The public is advised to take appropriate protective measures, including wearing masks when necessary, maintaining good personal hygiene, adopting healthy lifestyles and getting vaccinated as recommended.
。公开信息显示，诺格的这款MRV飞行器上安装了两条机械臂，主要设计目的是为在轨卫星提供机器人检测、设备升级、移动、维修、碎屑清理、补加燃料以及“与非标准客户航天器接口进行对接”等检修和延寿服务，在其使用寿命期间可以将30个“任务扩展舱”捕捉并安装到客户卫星上。

B | 根据航天动态网站Spaceflight Now上的报道，此次MRV将与澳大利亚Optus和卢森堡SES两家商业电信服务公司的卫星进行对接，为其安装MEP扩展舱。

C | 播放下一个打开循环播放 00:00 / 00:00 倍速 3.0X 2.0X 1.5X 1.25X 1.0X 0.75X 0.5X 多音轨 AirPlay 0 静音播放中，点击恢复音量画中画网页全屏全屏你可以刷新试试视频信息 1.33.6 播放信息上传日志调试信息 [X] 视频ID VID - 播放流水 Flowid - 播放内核 Kernel - 显示器信息 Res - 帧数 - 缓冲健康度 - 网络活动 net - 视频分辨率 - 编码 Codec - mystery mystery - 按住画面移动小窗诺格发布的MRV概念演示视频在外界看来，既然它能够维护在轨卫星，那说不定也能用来攻击敌方太空资产呢？美国“战区”（The War Zone）网站在其报道中称，无论是现有的MRV还是其衍生品，都存在着成为“进攻性角色”的这一可能性，而在当天上午发射之前进行的季度财报电话会议上，诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司也并未明确排除这种可能。诺格首席执行官凯西·沃登在会议开场白中表示，这是公司开发的首个通过两套机械臂在同步轨道上对卫星进行维修、重定位和服务的商用机器人航天器，它还可以为政府或者商业客户的卫星安装额外的喷气组件，使其在轨寿命最多可以延长8年以上。梅利乌斯研究公司航空航天、国防和太空研究领域主管斯科特·米库斯在通话中提出了“从特定角度看，假如这种航天器开发出用于干扰敌方卫星，其潜在市场究竟有多大”的问题，对此沃登并没有正面回答，但她表示，关于如何运用这项技术来实现任务目标，将由美国政府决定，公司的目标只是为客户提供“各种技术部署上的选择”，尽管没有正面回答，但也没有明确否认。如前文所述，MRV上所配备的两个机械臂主要用于将扩展舱安放到目标卫星上（以及执行其他任务），而这两个机械臂也正是被称为“地球同步卫星机器人服务”（Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites，RSGS）系统的一部分。该系统来源于美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）所主导、并与美国海军研究实验室（Naval Research Laboratory，NRL）合作开展的一项计划，是美国政府“数十年来在相关领域的研发成果”。 DARPA用于测试的RSGS载荷部分，可以看到两具机械臂 “战区”网站表示，航天器上的机械臂天然具有“双重用途”的特性，完全可以用来“破坏敌方卫星上的关键系统”，比如光学设备或者太阳能电池板，亦或者直接将其从轨道上“拽掉”，如果目标未能重新控制变轨修正，就将持续降低轨道高度直至再入大气层烧毁，此前美国军方也多次声称，带有机械臂的敌方航天器是美国太空资产的众多“潜在威胁”之一。在今年2月份举行的空军和太空部队协会（AFA）年度战争研讨会上的演讲中，美国太空部队指挥官、太空作战部长钱斯·萨尔茨曼上将声称，美国正在回应一种“战争领域”的情况，对手“已经在太空中部署了拦截器”，因此必须确保能在威慑能力方面与之抗衡，针对萨尔茨曼所称的“太空拦截器”，当时一位太空部队发言人解释称，“拦截器”指的是一些被广泛认为武器的系统，比如地面上的反卫星导弹，或者像中国的SJ-21——因为其有着一个“机械臂抓取装置”。

D | be like... 报道表示，除此之外“监视卫星”这种具备双重用途的航天器，也是多年以来的热门话题，比如俄罗斯在该领域的成果就相当引人关注。

E | 这种“致命”卫星还具备高精度在轨机动能力，能够使用包括电子战干扰装置、定向能武器、化学能武器或者小型弹丸摧毁或破坏太空目标，甚至其本身也可以通过直接撞击目标来进行动能杀伤。而即便仅仅是进行观察，也有助于“了解其功能并监测活动情况”，比如长期以来美国、俄罗斯和其他国家的卫星都在执行类似的任务，乃至于一些商业遥感图像公司也开始提供“基于太空的态势感知服务”。总之，从之前的一些研究来看，美国军方显然对MRV这种航天器的核心功能有着强烈兴趣，比如在轨加注能为一些卫星提供重要的机动能力，目前航天器应对在轨威胁的主要方式就是应急变轨，但通常这需要耗费大量燃料从而缩短使用寿命。而美国太空部队还设立了一个专门负责执行“轨道作战”的任务部门，其中就包括了防御性和进攻性要素。美国太空部队作战部队司令部指挥官格雷戈里·加尼翁中将在同一场研讨会上表示，不能仅仅依靠防御手段来保护和维护卫星，作为联合部队的一部分必须具备进攻能力，而“中国不断扩大的太空能力”是支持这一观点的核心要素。报道认为，保护美国在轨卫星的防御措施数量和规模需求将会显著增加，而正炙手可热的“金穹”国家导弹防御系统则更是进一步推动了这一趋势，该系统的核心内容正是部署基于太空的反导拦截装置，它们依托在轨道上广泛分布的一系列传感器和通信卫星运作。美国国会预算办公室在5月发布的一份报告中估算，实现该计划所需的在轨拦截器数量将达到7800个，美国军方所关注的诺格MRV在轨加注和维护能力，对保障“金穹”系统以及其他关键太空传感器和卫星的运作可称得上至关重要。本文系观察者网独家稿件，未经授权，不得转载。

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